https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2022-11/Smarter Materials High Performance Thermoplastics.pdf
To answer these, we will look at five different material families:
• Polyaryletherketones (PAEK)
• Polysulfones (PSU)
• Liquid crystal polymers (LCP)
• Polyetherimides (PEI)
• Polyphenylene sulfides (PPS)
Read on to discover the diverse and growing uses for these elite-level
performers of the thermoplastic world.
Following are top reasons why many manufacturers and designers choose
high-performance thermoplastics:
• High-temperature resistance • Chemical resistance
• Flame/smoke/toxicity (FST) performance • Chemically inert
PLUS, ALL
THE BENEFITS
OF PLASTIC
In addition to their elite-level properties,
high-performance thermoplastics deliver
the typical advantages of polymers over
other material types such as metal, glass and
ceramic, including:
• Light weight
• Design freedom/part consolidation
• Easy colorability
• Efficient, high-volume processing
• Elimination of secondary operations
• Enhanced product experience
for the end user
- quieter environment
- improved tactile feel
- better usability
ADVANTAGES
Going Above
and Beyond
• Amorphous structure
• High marks for toughness, chemical resistance,
hydrolytic stability, resistance to boiling water,
and extreme thermal capabilities
• Best for: aerospace interiors, hot water fittings,
and medical and dental devices that are
subjected to repeated steam sterilization
• Also used in food equipment exposed to
temperature extremes, such as coffeemakers
or freezer-to-microwave cookware
Polyaryletherketones
Polysulfones
Liquid crystal polymers
Polyetherimides
Polyphenylene sulfides
There are five
major families of
high-performance
thermoplastics
AR
YL
ET
H
KE
TO
N
ES
SU
LF
O
N
ES• Semi-crystalline structure
• High marks for thermal stability, chemical
resistance and mechanical properties over
a wide temperature range
• Better-than-average levels of combustion
resistance and electrical performance
• Some PAEK materials, like polyetheretherketone
(PEEK), are also extremely tough and have
excellent impact strength
• Best for: aerospace, automotive, industrial
and medical components
• May be used to create stock shapes such as
rods, bars, and tubes
All in the Family
PH
EN
YL
EN
E
SU
LF
ES • Semi-crystalline structure
• Excellent temperature resistance with continuous
service temperatures up to 230°C
• High marks for modulus and resistance to creep,
corrosion, and chemicals
• Above-average electrical properties
• Best for: complex parts with extremely tight
tolerances; often used as an alternative to metals
and thermosets in automotive underhood parts,
appliances, electronics, and industrial applications
Polyaryletherketones
Polysulfones
Liquid crystal polymers
Polyetherimides
Polyphenylene sulfides
There are five
major families of
high-performance
thermoplastics
ET
H
IM
ES
LI
Q
U
C
RY
ST
AL
P
O
M
S • Semi-crystalline structure
• High degree of anisotropy: strength, stiffness
and thermal expansion will be greater in one
direction vs. the other
• High marks for temperature, chemical
and electrical resistance
• Exceptional mechanical strength
and high flow rates; often used to fill
extremely long parts with thin walls
• Best for: electronic connectors, sensors,
bullet-resistant vests, jet engine enclosures,
brake and transmission friction parts, and gaskets
• Amorphous structure
• High marks for thermal, mechanical,
and chemical properties
• Often selected for demanding applications requiring
ultra-high mechanical strength combined with high
temperature, corrosion and wear resistance
• Impact resistance may be lower than
that of PSUs and PAEKs
• Best for: aerospace interiors, automotive lighting,
medical devices, and electrical and fiber optic
connectors
All in the Family
Source: https://www.craftechind.com/standard-and-custom-parts-in-high-performance-plastics/
TEMPERATURE AND MATERIAL TYPE
The two broad classifications of high-performance thermoplastics—amorphous and semi-crystalline—
have different temperature characteristics.
Melting Point: Melting point is the temperature at which
a crystalline polymer becomes a disordered liquid.
4.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2024-06/OnColor UL 94 Colorants Brochure.pdf
ONCOLOR™
UL 94 COLORANTS
HOW TO USE THE TABLES
UL HB
GENERIC RESIN TYPE FLAME
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
Acetal Copolymer (POM) HB 1.50 1:20
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) HB 1.50 1:10
Ethylene Propylene Thermoplastic Rubber (EPTR) HB 1.50 1:20
High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) HB 1.50 1:10
Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) HB 0.83 1:10
Polyamide (PA) HB 3.20 1:33
Polyamide (PA66 and PA 4/6) HB 0.81 1:20
Polyamide 6 (PA6) HB 0.75 1:25
Polyamide 66 (PA66) HB 0.40 1:40
Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) HB 0.81 1:20
Polybutylene Terephthalate/Polycarbonate (PBT/PC) HB 1.50 1:10
Polycarbonate (PC) HB 1.50 1:15
Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (PC/ABS) HB 1.50 1:20
Polycarbonate/Polyethylene Terephthalate (PC/PET) HB 1.50 1:20
Polyethylene (PE) HB 1.50 1:50
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) HB 0.80 1:16.7
Polyketone HB 1.50 1:20
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) HB 3.00 1:25
Polypropylene (PP) HB 1.50 1:15
Polystyrene (PS) HB 0.83 1:15
Polyurethane (PUR) HB 1.50 1:25
Polyvinylchloride (PVC) HB 1.50 1:20
Styrene Acrylonitrile (SAN) HB 1.50 1:20
Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) HB 0.75 1:25
ASCEND
GENERIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
Polyamide 66
21X1(a)(f2), 21SPC1(a)(f2),
21SPF1(a)(f2), 21SPG1(a)(f2),
21SPM1(a)(f2), 20NSP1(a)(f2)
0.75 V-2 1:40
22HSP(e) 0.75 V-2 1:40
64C-R 3.0 V-2 1:50
ECO366(e) 0.4 V-0 1:40
ECO366H(e) 0.2 V-0 1:25
FR350J 0.4 V-0 1:25
20NSP(a)(f2), 21SPF(a)(f2),
21SPM(a)(f2), 21SPC(a)(f2) 0.4 V-2 1:40
20NSP(a)(h)(f2), 21SPF(a)(h)(f2),
21SPM(a)(h)(f2), 21SPC(a)(h) (f2) 1.5 V-2 1:20
Polyamide 66/6
(PA66/6)
ECO315(e), ECO315J(e) 0.4 V-0 1:40
M344 3.0 V-0 1:25
909 0.75 V-0 1:25
BASF
GENERIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
Polyamide 6
8202(t1), 8202 Blend (t1) 0.71 V-2 1:25
8202C(t1), 8202C BLEND (t1) 1.50 V-2 1:25
8202CHS(t1) (t3), 8202C HS Blend 1.50 V-2 1:25
8202HS(t1) 1.50 V-2 1:25
B3S
0.80 V-2 1:25
B3S Q661 1.50 V-2 1:25
B3S R03 1.50 V-2 1:25
8232G HSFR(t9), B3U10G5 (t9) 1.50 V-0 1:25
Polyamide 6/66
(PA6/66)
C3U (m) 0.40 V-0 1:25
KR4205(m), C3U (m), C3U (t)(m) 0.40 V-0 1:25
KR4205, C3U 0.40 V-0 1:25
Polyamide 66
1000(b), 1310-(b), Ultramid A3K Q603(+) 1.50 V-2 1:10
A3K (o) Q790(g)(f2) 0.41 V-2 1:20
A3K(f2), A3K Q601(f2) 0.41 V-2 1:20
A3SK 0.41 V-2 1:25
A5 3.00 V-2 1:33
A3W(f1), A3W FC (f1) 0.75 V-2 1:10
A3K R01 (t)(g)(f2) 0.40 V-2 1:20
Polybutylene
Terephthalate
B4406 G2 (o) Q798 1.50 V-0 1:20
B4406 G2(a), B4406 G2 (o) Q717(a) 1.50 V-0 1:20
B4406 G3 (o) Q798 1.50 V-0 1:20
B4406 G3(a), B4406 G3 (o) Q717(a) 1.50 V-0 1:20
B4406 G4 (o) Q798 1.50 V-0 1:20
B4406 G4(a2), B4406 G4 (o) Q717(a2) 1.50 V-0 1:20
B4406 G6 (o) Q798 3.00 V-0 1:12.5
B4406 G6(%) 1.50 V-0 1:20
B4406 G6(a1), B4406 G6 (o) Q717(a1),
B4406 G6 (o) Q717 High Speed(a1) 1.50 V-0 1:20
B4406(a), B4406 (o) Q717(a) 1.50 V-0 1:20
B4406@ 1.50 V-0 1:20
B4450 G5, B4450 G5 (t) 0.40 V-2 1:50
Polyurethane
(PUR) 11 85 A(a) FHF 000 (f2) 0.75 V-0 1:33
CELANESE
GENERIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
Liquid Crystal
Polymer
(LCP)
A130(+), MT1310 1.50 V-0 1:40
Polyamide
(PA)
132F(+)(f1), 135F(+)(f1) 0.75 V-2 1:20
HTNFR42G30NH 0.40 V-0 1:25
Polyamide 6/12
(PA6/12) 151, 151L 1.50 V-2 1:25
Polyamide 66
A3 GF 25 V0XI 0.40 V-0 1:25
101(r9)(f1), 101F(r9)(f1), 101L(r9)(f1) 0.75 V-2 1:20
103FHS(+), 103HSL(+) 0.75 V-2 1:20
FR50(+)(f1) 0.35 V-0 1:20
FR7025V0F(+) 0.50 V-0 1:33
Polyamide 66/6
(PA66/6) FR72G25V0 0.80 V-0 1:25
Polyamide 66/6T
(PA66/6T)
FR95G25V0NH 0.40 V-0 1:25
HTNFR52G30BL(r3) 0.75 V-0 1:33
HTNFR52G30L(+), HTNFR52G30(+) 0.75 V-0 1:33
HTNFR52G30NH(r6)
0.40 V-0 1:25
0.75 V-0 1:10
HTNFR52G35BL 0.75 V-0 1:25
HTNFR52G35(+), HTNFR52G35 0.75 V-0 1:33
Polyamide 6T/
MPMDT HTNFR51G35L(+) 0.81 V-0 1:33
Polybutylene
Terephthalate
2016(b) 1.50 V-0 1:20
3116(b) 1.50 V-0 1:20
3216(b) 1.50 V-0 1:20
3316(b) 1.50 V-0 1:20
3316HF 1.50 V-0 1:20
LW9030FR 1.50 V-0 1:25
T841FR (r4) 1.50 V-0 1:25
Polyethylene
Terephthalate
(PET)
FR530(l)(+)(f1), FR530L(l)(+)(f1) 0.75 V-0 1:25
Thermoplastic
Elastomer
(TPE)
HTR8068 1.60 V-0 1:25
DOMO
GENERIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
Polyamide
(PA) J 60X1 V30 0.40 V-0 1:25
Polyamide 6
PSB 286
0.80 V-2 1:25
3.00 V-2 1:25
S 60X1 V30 0.75 V-0 1.25
Polyamide 66
A 205F(r4) 0.38 V-2 1:25
A 225F 0.75 V-2 1:25
A 50H1 (r3)(f2) 0.40 V-0 1:25
A 30G1 0.40 V-0 1:25
COVESTRO
GENERIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
Polycarbonate
2407 + (z)(f1) 0.75-2.60 V-2 1:10
2807 + MAS183 0.75 V-2 1:25
6455 + (z)
6485 + (z)(f1) 1.50 V-0 1:25
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene Styrene
FR110 + 1.50 V-0 1:33
FR3005 HF + (z), FR3005 HF + BBS314 1.50 V-0 1:12.5
FR3010 + (z)
1.50 V-0 1:25
FR3010 HF + 3.00 V-0 1:25
FR3030 + 3.00 V-0 1:25
ENVALIOR
GENERIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
Polyamide 46
(PA46) TE250F6(h1)(j) 0.50 V-0 1:25
Polyamide 6
F223-D(f1), F223-D /A(f1) 0.75 V-2 1:25
K222-KGV5(f1)
0.75 V-2 1:16.7
1.50 V-2 1:16.7
K-FKGS6/B(f1)(y) 0.80 V-0 1:25
Polyamide 66
(PA66) SG-KGS6/HV 0.75 V-0 1:25
Thermoplastic
Elastomer
(TPE)
PL460-S 1.60 V-0 1:25
Polyamide 4T
(PA4T) T11 (h) 0.40 V-0 1:20
EXXONMOBIL
LANXESS
GENERIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
Ethylene
Propylene
Thermoplastic
Rubber
(EPTR)
251-80W232(f7) 1.50 V-2 1:20
251-92W232 1.50 V-0 1:20
251-70W232
1.00 V-2 1:10
GENERIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
Polyamide 6
B30S+(f1) 1.50 V-2 1:25
B31SK+ 1.50 V-2 1:25
Polybutylene
Terephthalate
B4235+ 1.50 V-0 1:10
TP364-302+, BF4232+(f1) 0.75 V-0 1:25
GENERIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
Polybutylene
Terephthalate
310(w) 1.50 V-0 1:20
310SE0(w) 1.50 V-0 1:20
310SE0(w),310SE0R(w) 1.50 V-0 1:20
420SE0(f1)(w)(GG)(rr1) 1.50 V-0 1:20
420SE0(f1)(w)(GG)(rr2) 1.50 V-0 1:20
457(w) 1.50 V-0 1:20
457(w), 451(w) 1.50 V-0 1:20
553(a)(f1)(w) 1.50 V-0 1:20
553(a)(f1)(w), 553E(a)(f1)(w),
553U(a)(f1)(w) 1.50 V-0 1:20
553(w)(f1), 553M(w)(f1) 1.50 V-0 1:20
DR48(w) 1.50 V-0 1:20
DR48,DR48M 1.50 V-0 1:20
V4760(a2) 0.40 V-0 1:20
EXVX1259, ENH4550 0.40 V-0 1:20
771 0.75 V-0 1:25
Polybutylene
Terephthalate/
Polycarbonate
(PBT/PC)
357(f1)(w)(IC), 357M(f1)(w)(IC),
357U(f1)(w)(IC) 1.50 V-0 1:20
357(f1)(w)(IC), 357U(f1)(w)(IC) 1.50 V-0 1:20
357X(f1) 1.50 V-0 1:20
V3900WX(GG)(f1)(IA),
V3901WX(GG)(f1)(IA)
3.00 V-0 1:20
1.50 V-0 1:20
357(w)(f2)(IC), 357M(w)(f2)(IC),
357U(w)(f2)(IC) 1.50 V-0 1:20
GENERIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
Polycarbonate
221(f2) 1.50 V-2 1:25
221R(f2) 1.50 V-2 1:25
500(f2), 500R(f2) 3.00 V-0 1:33
503(f1)
3.00 V-0 10:1
1.50 V-0 10:1
503(f1), 503R(f1)
3.00 V-0 10:1
1.50 V-0 10:1
943(ab) 1.50 V-0 1:20
943(f1) 1.50 V-0 1:20
943(f1), 923(f1) 1.50 V-0 1:20
950A, 920ASR, FXD911A(GG), 940ASR 1.50 V-2 1:25
CFR7630(f1)(gg*) 1.50 V-0 1:25
ML5139R(f2) 3.00 V-0 1:33
950A, FXD911A(GG), 940ASR 3.00 V-0 1:25
943 1.50 V-0 1:20
920A
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene Styrene
C2950 1.50 V-0 6:100
C6200(GG) 2.00 V-0 1:20
Acrylonitrile
Styrene Acrylate/
Polycarbonate
(ASA/PC)
HRA222 (GG) 0.80 V-2 1:20
SOLVAY (SYENSQO)
GENERIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
Polyphenyl Sulfone
(PPSU) R-5100 (r1)(##), R-5000 (r1)(##) 1.50 V-0 1:10
Polyphthalamide
(PPA) AFA-4133 V0(+) (*) 0.75 V-0 1:25
BASE RESIN
GENERIC
SPECIFIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
ALBIS Polypropylene
(PP) PP 13 CV2 14 1.50 V-2 1:25
AVIENT Polyvinylchloride
M3700(X), M3755(X) 1.50 V-0 1:25
M3900 1.50 V-0 1:25
CHI MEI
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene Styrene
(ABS)
PA-765(+) 1.50 V-0 1:10
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene Styrene
PC-510(+) 1.50 V-0 1:25
EMS-CHEMIE Polyamide 6
(PA6) Grilon A 26 V0 0.75 V-0 1:25
FORMOSA Polycarbonate
(PC) #1700+(f2) 0.36-0.42 V-2 1:50
GEON Polyvinylchloride
85891(f1) 1.70 V-0 1:20
85891(f2) 1.70 V-0 1:20
M3700(X) 1.50 V-0 1:25
M3900
1:25
INEOS Polystyrene
(PS) 855 HV 3.00 V-1 100:4
INVISTA Polyamide 66
FRU4800 XHL (r1) 0.40 V-0 1:25
U4820L (r1) 0.40 V-2 1:25
BASE RESIN
GENERIC
SPECIFIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
KINGFA Polyamide 66
(PA66) PA66-R11G25 (##) 0.25 V-0 1:25
KURARAY Polyamide 9T
(PA9T) GP2300S 0.40 V-0 1:25
LG CHEM
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene Styrene
LUPOY GP-5106-F 3.00 V-0 1:20
LOTTE CHEMICAL
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene Styrene
(ABS)
VH-0800(+) 1.50 V-0 1:25
Polycarbonate
(PC) HN-1064(+)
0.75 V-2 1:10
1.20 V-1 1:10
Polystyrene
(PS) VH-1800+
1.50 V-0 1:25
MITSUBISHI Polycarbonate
(PC) S-2000+(f1) 1.50-1.80 V-2 1:10
POLYMER
PRODUCTS
Polystyrene
(PS)
ZYNTAR 351
2.00 V-0 1:20
1.50 V-0 1:20
ZYNTAR 7000 2.00 V-0 1:25
ZYNTAR 702 2.00 V-0 1:25
8020 2.00 V-0 1:20
8120 2.00 V-0 1:20
8130 1.50 V-0 1:20
POLYMER
RESOURCES
Polycarbonate
PC-FR1A-D, PC-
FR2A-D, PC-FR3A-D
3.00 V-0 1:33
1.50 V-2 1:33
SUMITOMO
Liquid Crystal
Polymer
(LCP)
E6007LHF(ra) 0.30 V-0 1:25
E6007LHF-MR(gt) 0.20 V-0 1:12.5
BASE RESIN
GENERIC
SPECIFIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
TORAY
Polyamide 6
(PA6) 1017 1.60 V-2 1:16.5
Polyamide 66
3004-V0(rr),
CM3004-V0(rr) 0.40 V-0 1:25
TRINSEO Polycarbonate
(PC) 891(w) 1.10 V-0 1:25
WELLMAN Polyamide 66/6
(PA66/6) 220-N, 21L-N, 22L-N 1.50 V-2 1:25
WESTLAKE Polyvinylchloride
6597(f1), HF-6597(f1) 1.50 V-0 1:25
SP-7107 (f1)(a) 3.00 V-0 1:25
5VA AND 5VB
BASE RESIN
GENERIC
SPECIFIC
MINIMUM
THICKNESS
FLAME
RATING COLORS
MAXIMUM
LET-DOWN
AVIENT Polyvinylchloride
(PVC) M3900 1.50 5VB
ALL 1:25
WHITE 1:10
CELANESE
Polyamide 66/6T
(PA66/6T) FR95G25V0NH 1.50 5VA ALL 1:25
Polybutylene
Terephthalate
LW9030FR
2.00 5VA BLACK 1:25
3.00 5VA ALL 1:25
SK642FR 1.50 5VA BLACK 1:25
COVESTRO
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene Styrene
FR3010 + (z) 3.00 5VA ALL 1:25
GEON Polyvinylchloride
(PVC) M3900 1.50 5VB
ALL 1:25
WHITE 1:10
Polybutylene
Terephthalate/
Polycarbonate
(PBT/PC)
V3900WX(GG)(f1)(IA),
V3901WX(GG)(f1)(IA) 3.00 5VA ALL 1:20
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